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6 ways to support your immune system

emily-rollason

Reviewed byEmily Rollason

citrus-fruits
Your immune system can sometimes do with a little extra TLC. Here’s how to stay one step ahead with immunity tips from our H&B nutritionist

Summary

1Immune-supporting supplements

Supplements can play a role in supporting our immune system, especially vitamin D. This is a really important nutrient, as it contributes to normal...

2Importance of exercise

When you exercise, your circulation increases, which helps immune cells move more freely through the body so they can detect and deal with infections…

3Get plenty of sleep

When you don’t get enough rest, your immune system doesn’t have time to reset and strengthen properly. Poor sleep can also raise levels of stress ...

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It’s important to support your immunity, especially in the colder and darker months. One of the most common questions we get is: "Can you boost your immune system?" Scientifically, no you can’t ‘boost’ it but you can definitely help support it. With help from H&B’s expert nutritionist, Emily Rollason, we'll go through some ways to support your wellness in the coming season.

What’s the immune system?

The immune system is your body’s way of fighting off pathogens, like bacteria or viruses, that could make you ill.1

Recent data2 found that less than one in five adults meet the 5-a-day recommendation. "We know fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins A and C, which are important for immunity, so missing out on these can impact the normal functioning of our immune systems,"3 says Emily. "It's important to look at your plate and get a variety of colour and essential nutrients."

"Couple this with a lack of exposure to the sun – which can lead to low vitamin D levels – and it’s easy to see how our immune system may be impacted,”4 continues Emily. With this in mind, she's shared some ways to help support your immune system.

1. Immune-supporting supplements

“Supplements can play a role in supporting our immune system, especially vitamin D. This is a really important nutrient, as it contributes to the normal function of your immune system and helps maintain normal bone and muscle function,” says Emily.5,6 "We make our own vitamin D naturally from exposure to the sun but this is harder in the darker months.”

This is why the NHS recommends everyone takes a 10mcg vitamin D supplement from October to March.6 People with darker skin, people who cover up when going outside, anyone pregnant or breasting or those who spend a lot of time indoors are advised to take vitamin D all year round too.6 Take one tablet daily, preferably with a meal and don’t exceed the stated dose.
Female drinking orange juice drink
Vitamin C also plays a key role in supporting our immune system and is an important nutrient for normal energy-yielding metabolism and reduction in tiredness and fatigue,” Emily says.7,8 

As vitamin C is water-soluble your body can’t store it, so it’s up to you to restock daily. Luckily, nature makes it easy with plenty found in colourful favourites like oranges, blackcurrants, peppers and even potatoes or Brussel sprouts.

2. Make sure you’re getting enough exercise

When you exercise, your circulation increases, which helps immune cells move more freely through the body. This helps them to detect and deal with potential pathogens, the microorganisms that cause infections, more effectively.9

“Exercise is really important for maintaining the immune system, whether that’s a brisk walk to the shops instead of driving, going for a swim or taking that yoga class you’ve been thinking about,” says Emily.10 If you’re hitting the gym, she recommends PE Nutrition’s Simply Whey as protein is a great way to help muscle mass growth, helping you keep your body supported while also hitting your goals.

3. Get plenty of sleep

We all know how rough a bad night’s sleep can make us feel but it also affects what’s happening inside your body. When you don’t get enough rest, your immune system doesn’t have time to reset and strengthen properly. Poor sleep can also raise levels of stress hormones, like cortisol, which in high amounts can suppress immune activity.11 Over time, this combination of less immune repair and more stress can leave your defences feeling run down.

4. Add plenty of nutritious foods to your diet

The more that researchers learn about what’s in our food, the more evidence there is to support the old age: ‘you are what you eat’. Want to add more nutrients to your meal plan? If you need a little inspiration, we’ve created a lazy cook’s guide to immunity-supporting meal prepping to make things super-easy (and delicious). Here’s a few of our favourites foods:
  • carrots – Bugs Bunny had the right idea. Carrots contain beta-carotene, which gives them their distinct orange colour and turns them into vitamin A in the body, known to support your immune system12 
  • citrus fruits, such as oranges – these juicy fruits are known to be very good for your immune system thanks to their vitamin C content13
  • nuts, such as peanuts or pine nuts – small and mighty, nuts contain a lot of different nutrients that may help support your immune system, like selenium and vitamin B6 4
  • parsley – this herb was once reserved for decoration but has since been understood to contain vitamins which have a multitude of benefits. Parsley contains vitamins C and A, as well as folate (vitamin B9), all of which support a normal immune health15
Top tip: frozen fruit and veg count too. They’re often just as nutritious and last longer – perfect for healthy midweek meals.
Hand holding glass of water with blurred background

5. Stay hydrated

Water plays an important role in circulating nutrients and immune cells throughout the body.16 It also keeps your nose and throat moist, which can make it harder for germs to enter. Aim for six to eight glasses of fluid a day, and good news, herbal teas or infused water count too.

6. Try to manage stress levels

When you experience stress, especially ongoing stress rather than a one-off spike, your body activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (which are your body’s stress support system). These trigger the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.17 While a short acute stress response can be useful (think “fight or flight” giving you a burst of energy) and can even temporarily enhance immunity, prolonged stress keeps your system on high alert and disrupts immune functioning.18

According to some workplace stats, one in nine of us feel stressed every single day,19 so try some stress management techniques from real people to help.

The final say

Remember, you can give your immune system a little extra support by making small, simple changes to your diet. If you’re feeling tired or struggling with fatigue, Emily recommends adding Bioglan Superberries to your daily smoothie or water. Fortified with vitamins C and K, plus manganese, this blend helps support normal immune health, bones and energy levels.2,7

You could also up your intake naturally by adding parsley to a salad or tossing some carrots into your smoothie. While it’s best to get most of your vitamins from food, we’re here to help with immune-supporting supplements that can be taken at the start or end of the day, as part of a balanced diet
Disclaimer – This article provides informational advice and is not a substitute for medical care. Working with experts for accuracy, we take great care to ensure the information is up-to-date and relevant. However, you should always consult your GP or healthcare professional before using supplements or alternative products, particularly if you have medical conditions or are under supervision.

Sources

1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Immunity [Internet]. Merriam-Webster [cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/immunity
2. Office. National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2019 to 2023: report [Internet]. GOV.UK. 2025. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-2019-to-2023/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-2019-to-2023-report
3. National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplements for Immune Function and Infectious Diseases [Internet]. ods.od.nih.gov. 2023. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ImmuneFunction-HealthProfessional/
4. Aranow C. Vitamin D and the Immune System. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research [Internet]. 2011 Aug;59(6):881. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166406/
5. European Commission. Characteristics [Internet]. European Commission [cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/food-feed-portal/screen/health-claims/eu-register/details/POL-HC-6520
6. NHS. Vitamin D [Internet]. NHS [reviewed 2020 Aug 3; cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/food-feed-portal/screen/health-claims/eu-register/details/POL-HC-6520
7. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal [Internet]. 2015 Nov 13 [cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298
8. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Vitamin C [Internet]. NIH [reviewed 2021 Mar 22; cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/
9. Nieman DC & Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defence system. J Sport Health Sci. 2019.
10. NHS. Benefits and Barriers to Exercise [Internet]. NHS [cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://plr.cht.nhs.uk/download/1089/Benefits%20and%20barriers%20to%20exercise%20A4
11. Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J. Sleep and immune function. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology [Internet]. 2011 Nov 10;463(1):121–37. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256323/
12. Anjani G, Ayustaningwarno , Eviana R. Critical review on the immunomodulatory activities of carrot’s β-carotene and other bioactive compounds. Journal of Functional Foods [Internet]. 2022 Dec [cited 2024 Sep 24]; 99. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464622003735
13. Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. 2021 Jun 24 [cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608/full
14. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Vitamin B6 [Internet]. NIH [reviewed 2023 Jun 16; cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170416/nutrients
15. NHS. Vitamin A [Internet]. NHS [reviewed 2020 Aug 3; cited 2024 Sep 24]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-a/
16. NHS. Water, Drinks and Your Health [Internet]. nhs.uk. 2023. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/water-drinks-nutrition/
17. Ishikawa Y, Furuyashiki T. The impact of stress on immune systems and its relevance to mental illness. Neuroscience Research [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1;175(175). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168010221002078
18. Alotiby A. Immunology of Stress: A Review Article. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2024 Oct 25;13(21):6394–4. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11546738/
19. Ciphr. Workplace stress statistics in the UK [Internet]. www.ciphr.com. 2024. Available from: https://www.ciphr.com/infographics/workplace-stress-statistics
 

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